Trains

Rail tiers

Copper rails are always on and need no redstone. They raise the speed ceiling; they do not push you.

Recipe: 6 copper ingots + 1 stick in the vanilla rail pattern, yielding 12.

Copper rails are straight-only. Like powered rails they never auto-curve, so you lay corners deliberately.

Oxidation

Copper rails weather about four times faster than a copper block. A line you build and forget will slow down.

• Honeycomb waxes a rail in place. Waxed rails never oxidise.
• An axe de-waxes a waxed rail, and steps an unwaxed rail back one tier.
• Waxed crafting: 8 rails of one tier + 1 honeycomb yields 8 waxed.

There are no recipes for exposed, weathered or oxidized rails. You get them by letting rails age or by scraping waxed ones.

Crossing tiers

Speed does not slam down when you cross onto a slower rail. The cap can never drop by more than 10% of your current speed in one tick, so a fast cart bleeds off gradually.

Water halves whatever tier you are on. Powered and activator rails hard-brake non-furnace carts to 8 b/s, which is how you build a station.

Locomotives

Furnace minecarts are locomotives now.

• Full speed. No more half-speed penalty.
• No slope penalty. They climb without losing momentum.
• Cannot be shoved by other minecarts.
• Constant thrust of 0.025 blocks per tick along their facing, for as long as they are lit.
• Any fuel works. Coal 1600 ticks, blaze rod 2400, lava bucket 20000 with the bucket returned. Tank holds 32000 ticks, about 26 minutes.
• Hard braking when out of fuel: velocity times 0.75 per tick, so they stop in a couple of blocks.

Powered rails are the on/off switch. Crossing a powered rail lights the cart, an unpowered one puts it out. Fuel is preserved either way.

Right-clicking with a non-fuel item re-lights a cart that still has fuel.

Coupling

A lit or moving furnace minecart automatically attaches non-furnace minecarts it overlaps, or that sit within 1.5 blocks behind the last car. Up to eight carts total: one locomotive and seven trailers.

Furnace minecarts cannot be trailers, so no double-heading.

Trailers are dragged at 1.5-block spacing and follow the track exactly through curves and slopes. Coupled carts cannot be pushed apart by players or mobs, and train members pass through each other rather than colliding.

Attaching plays a click. Dropping a car plays a snap.

Automatic refuelling

Put a chest or hopper minecart directly behind the locomotive. Below 100 ticks of fuel it pulls one fuel item per tick from that trailer. Lava buckets are swapped for empty ones in place.

A locomotive with a chest of coal behind it runs until the coal runs out.

When trains break

A trailer disconnects when it is removed, when it is grounded below 0.01 horizontal speed, or 60 ticks after the locomotive stops refreshing its tag. Everything behind it drops off too.

Off the rails, the derailed car and everything behind it switch to a yaw-aligned drag at the locomotive's speed, so the train stays in formation.

Trains survive world reloads. Going through a portal uncouples the train deliberately.

Dispenser Minecart

Recipe: shapeless dispenser + minecart. Stacks to 1.

A nine-slot dispenser on rails. It fires on powered activator rails, one dispense per trigger with an eight-tick cooldown, using the full vanilla dispenser behaviour registry: projectiles, buckets, TNT, fireworks, armor equipping.

Sneak-right-click flips its firing direction. Coupling auto-corrects its aim so it keeps firing the same way relative to the train.

Other physics changes

• Off-rail carts get the same 40 b/s ceiling instead of vanilla's 8
• A gentle launch off the track preserves horizontal momentum fully, so copper-rail jumps clear gaps
• Landing off-rail uses real block friction, so carts slide on ice
• A cart with passengers takes and deals no fall damage
• Ridden carts push at full strength, so trains do not concertina